{
 "meta": {
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "pipeline_version": "0.1.0",
  "vintage": "2026-10-16",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-16T07:04:34Z",
  "units": {
   "weight": "t",
   "value": "USD"
  }
 },
 "data": [
  {
   "id": "committee_6_9mt",
   "date": "2023-06-27",
   "who_en": "Temporary Committee of the State Great Khural on coal smuggling, chaired by MP G. Ganbold",
   "who_mn": "Нүүрсний хулгайг шалгах УИХ-ын түр хороо, дарга Г.Ганболд",
   "short_en": "Parliamentary committee",
   "short_mn": "УИХ-ын түр хороо",
   "claim_en": "Comparing Mongolian and Chinese customs export and import data for 2008–2022 shows a difference of 6.9 million tonnes.",
   "claim_mn": "2008–2022 онд Монгол Улс, БНХАУ-ын гаалийн экспорт, импортын мэдээг зэрэгцүүлэхэд 6.9 сая тонны зөрүүтэй байна.",
   "figure": 6900000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "2008",
   "period_to": "2022",
   "comparison": "mirror",
   "method_en": "Mirror comparison using CEIC and sxcoal data for China and Mongolian customs data. Year-by-year figures were not published.",
   "method_mn": "Хятадын талын CEIC, sxcoal болон Монголын гаалийн мэдээг харьцуулсан. Жил бүрийн тоог нийтлээгүй.",
   "source_name": "News.MN",
   "source_url": "https://news.mn/r/2658135/",
   "data_period": {
    "from": "2008",
    "to": "2022"
   },
   "data_gap_t": 1445706,
   "data_gap_t_strict": 2009464,
   "data_abs_gap_t": 10939958,
   "data_coverage_pct": 93.3,
   "data_positive_gap_t": 6192832,
   "data_periods_excluded": [
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "reason": "CN_WEIGHT_ESTIMATED"
    }
   ],
   "assessment": "larger_than_gap",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "committee_3_2mt",
   "date": "2023-06-27",
   "who_en": "Temporary Committee of the State Great Khural on coal smuggling, chaired by MP G. Ganbold",
   "who_mn": "Нүүрсний хулгайг шалгах УИХ-ын түр хороо, дарга Г.Ганболд",
   "short_en": "Parliamentary committee",
   "short_mn": "УИХ-ын түр хороо",
   "claim_en": "Within the committee's inspection period, 2018–2022, the difference between the two countries' customs data was 3.2 million tonnes.",
   "claim_mn": "Түр хорооны шалгалтын хамрах хугацаа болох 2018–2022 онд хоёр улсын гаалийн мэдээ 3.2 сая тонны зөрүүтэй байна.",
   "figure": 3200000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "2018",
   "period_to": "2022",
   "comparison": "mirror",
   "method_en": "Same comparison as the 6.9 Mt figure. Customs was then asked to verify it and checked 381 sales contracts covering 121.6 Mt.",
   "method_mn": "6.9 сая тонны тооцоотой ижил аргаар. Дараа нь Гаалийн ерөнхий газар 121.6 сая тонныг хамарсан 381 гэрээг шалгасан.",
   "source_name": "News.MN",
   "source_url": "https://news.mn/r/2658135/",
   "data_period": {
    "from": "2018",
    "to": "2022"
   },
   "data_gap_t": 1433098,
   "data_gap_t_strict": 1433098,
   "data_abs_gap_t": 4861267,
   "data_coverage_pct": 100.0,
   "data_positive_gap_t": 3147182,
   "data_periods_excluded": [],
   "assessment": "larger_than_gap",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "dorjkhand_6_4mt",
   "date": "2022-11-17",
   "who_en": "T. Dorjkhand, Member of Parliament",
   "who_mn": "УИХ-ын гишүүн Т.Доржханд",
   "short_en": "MP T. Dorjkhand",
   "short_mn": "УИХ-ын гишүүн Т.Доржханд",
   "claim_en": "Over the past ten years, 6.4 million tonnes of coal were stolen: recorded in China but not in Mongolian customs data.",
   "claim_mn": "Өнгөрсөн 10 жилийн хугацаанд 6.4 сая тонн нүүрс хулгайд алдагдсан: Хятадад бүртгэгдсэн ч Монголын гаалийн мэдээнд байхгүй.",
   "figure": 6400000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "2013",
   "period_to": "2022",
   "comparison": "mirror",
   "method_en": "Method not published. The ten-year period is mapped here to 2013–2022.",
   "method_mn": "Аргачлалыг нийтлээгүй. Арван жилийг энд 2013–2022 гэж авав.",
   "source_name": "iKon.mn",
   "source_url": "https://ikon.mn/n/2q1t",
   "data_period": {
    "from": "2013",
    "to": "2022"
   },
   "data_gap_t": 2009464,
   "data_gap_t_strict": 2009464,
   "data_abs_gap_t": 7613093,
   "data_coverage_pct": 90.0,
   "data_positive_gap_t": 4811278,
   "data_periods_excluded": [
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "reason": "CN_WEIGHT_ESTIMATED"
    }
   ],
   "assessment": "larger_than_gap",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "working_group_430kt",
   "date": "2022-11-17",
   "who_en": "Joint Mongolia–China government working group of 2013, as reported by MP T. Dorjkhand",
   "who_mn": "2013 оны Монгол, Хятадын Засгийн газрын хамтарсан ажлын хэсэг (УИХ-ын гишүүн Т.Доржхандын хэлснээр)",
   "short_en": "Joint working group",
   "short_mn": "Хамтарсан ажлын хэсэг",
   "claim_en": "When the two governments reconciled their figures in 2013, 430,000 tonnes of coal were found missing.",
   "claim_mn": "2013 онд хоёр улсын Засгийн газар ажлын хэсэг гаргаж тоогоо тулгахад 430 мянган тонн нүүрс алдагдсан байв.",
   "figure": 430000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "",
   "period_to": "",
   "comparison": "none",
   "method_en": "The period the working group examined is not stated in the source, so it cannot be matched to customs data here.",
   "method_mn": "Ажлын хэсгийн шалгасан хугацааг эх сурвалжид дурдаагүй тул гаалийн мэдээтэй тулгах боломжгүй.",
   "source_name": "iKon.mn",
   "source_url": "https://ikon.mn/n/2q1t",
   "data_period": null,
   "data_gap_t": null,
   "data_gap_t_strict": null,
   "data_abs_gap_t": null,
   "data_coverage_pct": null,
   "data_positive_gap_t": null,
   "data_periods_excluded": [],
   "assessment": "not_testable",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "trucks_3_4mt",
   "date": "2023-01-02",
   "who_en": "News.MN analysis of border-agency and customs truck counts",
   "who_mn": "News.MN-ийн хилийн байгууллага, гаалийн машины тооны харьцуулалт",
   "short_en": "Truck counts (News.MN)",
   "short_mn": "Машины тоо (News.MN)",
   "claim_en": "In 2013–2017 the border agency counted 849,000 trucks leaving and customs counted 815,000. If the extra 34,000 trucks carried 100 tonnes each, 3.4 million tonnes left unrecorded.",
   "claim_mn": "2013–2017 онд хилийн байгууллага 849 мянган, гааль 815 мянган машин гарсан гэж бүртгэсэн. Илүү гарсан 34 мянган машин тус бүр 100 тонн ачсан бол 3.4 сая тонн нүүрс бүртгэлгүй гарсан болно.",
   "figure": 3400000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "2013",
   "period_to": "2017",
   "comparison": "partial",
   "method_en": "Truck counts from two Mongolian agencies, not customs-to-customs trade data. The mirror comparison can only test whether China recorded more coal than Mongolia in the same years.",
   "method_mn": "Монголын хоёр байгууллагын машины тоо бөгөөд хоёр улсын гаалийн мэдээ биш. Толин харьцуулалт нь зөвхөн тухайн жилүүдэд Хятад илүү нүүрс бүртгэсэн эсэхийг шалгаж чадна.",
   "source_name": "News.MN",
   "source_url": "https://news.mn/r/2616656/",
   "data_period": {
    "from": "2013",
    "to": "2017"
   },
   "data_gap_t": 576366,
   "data_gap_t_strict": 576366,
   "data_abs_gap_t": 2751826,
   "data_coverage_pct": 80.0,
   "data_positive_gap_t": 1664096,
   "data_periods_excluded": [
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "reason": "CN_WEIGHT_ESTIMATED"
    }
   ],
   "assessment": "larger_than_gap",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "government_300kt",
   "date": "2022",
   "who_en": "D. Amarbayasgalan, Chief Cabinet Secretary",
   "who_mn": "Засгийн газрын Хэрэг эрхлэх газрын дарга Д.Амарбаясгалан",
   "short_en": "Government (D. Amarbayasgalan)",
   "short_mn": "Засгийн газар (Д.Амарбаясгалан)",
   "claim_en": "Around 300,000 tonnes of coal were likely imported into China without customs registration between 2013 and 2019. The 6.4 Mt figure is false.",
   "claim_mn": "2013–2019 онд 300 мянга орчим тонн нүүрс гаалийн бүртгэлгүйгээр Хятад руу орсон байж болзошгүй. 6.4 сая тонн гэдэг нь худал.",
   "figure": 300000.0,
   "figure_low": null,
   "figure_high": null,
   "unit": "t",
   "period_from": "2013",
   "period_to": "2019",
   "comparison": "mirror",
   "method_en": "Government estimate; method not published. Reported by the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre.",
   "method_mn": "Засгийн газрын тооцоо; аргачлалыг нийтлээгүй. U4 авлигын эсрэг судалгааны төв мэдээлсэн.",
   "source_name": "U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre",
   "source_url": "https://www.u4.no/publications/the-coal-theft-case-corruption-and-reform-of-mongolias-strategic-minerals-governance/fullversion",
   "data_period": {
    "from": "2013",
    "to": "2019"
   },
   "data_gap_t": 1222623,
   "data_gap_t_strict": 1222623,
   "data_abs_gap_t": 3398083,
   "data_coverage_pct": 85.7,
   "data_positive_gap_t": 2310353,
   "data_periods_excluded": [
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "reason": "CN_WEIGHT_ESTIMATED"
    }
   ],
   "assessment": "smaller_than_gap",
   "notes": []
  },
  {
   "id": "loss_40tn_mnt",
   "date": "2022-12-09",
   "who_en": "MP T. Dorjkhand and economist D. Gantulga",
   "who_mn": "УИХ-ын гишүүн Т.Доржханд, эдийн засагч Д.Гантулга",
   "short_en": "Loss estimate",
   "short_mn": "Хохирлын тооцоо",
   "claim_en": "The losses from coal theft amount to 40 to 45 trillion tögrög.",
   "claim_mn": "Нүүрсний хулгайн хохирол 40–45 их наяд төгрөг.",
   "figure": 40000000000000.0,
   "figure_low": 40000000000000.0,
   "figure_high": 45000000000000.0,
   "unit": "MNT",
   "period_from": "",
   "period_to": "",
   "comparison": "none",
   "method_en": "A revenue-loss estimate, which customs tonnage data cannot test.",
   "method_mn": "Орлогын алдагдлын тооцоо тул гаалийн тоо хэмжээний мэдээгээр шалгах боломжгүй.",
   "source_name": "Mongolian Wikipedia (summary of the case)",
   "source_url": "https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3",
   "data_period": null,
   "data_gap_t": null,
   "data_gap_t_strict": null,
   "data_abs_gap_t": null,
   "data_coverage_pct": null,
   "data_positive_gap_t": null,
   "data_periods_excluded": [],
   "assessment": "not_testable",
   "notes": []
  }
 ]
}